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Equisetum arvense
''Equisetum arvense'', the field horsetail or common horsetail is a herbaceous perennial plant, native throughout the arctic and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. It has separate sterile non-reproductive and fertile spore-bearing stems, growing from a perennial underground rhizomatous stem system. The fertile stems are produced in early spring and are non-photosynthetic, while the green sterile stems start to grow after the fertile stems have wilted, and persist through the summer until the first autumn frosts.〔Hyde, H. A., Wade, A. E., & Harrison, S. G. (1978). ''Welsh Ferns''. National Museum of Wales ISBN 0-7200-0210-9.〕〔Flora of North America: (''Equisetum arvense'' )〕 Commonly confused with mare's tail, ''Hippuris vulgaris''.
==Description==
The sterile stems are 10–90 cm tall and 3–5 mm diameter, with jointed segments around 2–5 cm long with whorls of side shoots at the segment joints; the side shoots have a diameter of about 1 mm. Some stems can have as many as 20 segments. The fertile stems are succulent-textured, off-white, 10–25 cm tall and 3–5 mm diameter, with 4–8 whorls of brown scale leaves, and an apical brown spore cone 10–40 mm long and 4–9 mm broad.〔
It has a very high diploid number of 216 (108 pairs of chromosomes).〔
The specific name ''arvense'' is derived from the Latin ''arvensis'', meaning "from the meadow, field or grassland."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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